FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. FTP is the service or protocol that allows you to connect to the webspace of your webhosting package for the sole purpose of managing your files, folders and permissions. There are many FTP programs (or clients) that you can use to connect to your webspace and transfer files, create folders, etc. While you are able to access your webspace via FTP using a browser like Internet Exlporer, it is highly recommended to use an FTP program instead. There are many free FTP programs available for download and you are able to accomplish much more than you would through just an Internet browser.
Below are some free FTP programs available for download:
FileZilla (works on Mac)
CoreFTP Lite
WinSCP
Cyberduck (works on Mac)
Macfusion (Mac only)
I personally use FileZilla.